Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Ludmila Shvets – Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Service Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Sunny str., 3, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21008, e-mail:  shlv0505@i.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-0126).
Maksym Kucherenko – student Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Sunny str., 3, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21008, e-mail:  maxkucherenko10@gmail.com).

To supply water to the fields, an irrigation system is built, which includes a source of water supply, a water intake structure with a pumping unit, transport, distribution and working channels or pipes. Closed or open irrigation networks are built on the fields. In a closed network, water under pressure is supplied through pipes and hydrants to irrigation machines or installations. The open network is laid in the form of temporary pipelines, channels or trays, from which water is supplied by pumps to sprinklers and watering machines. Near cities and large livestock complexes, fields are irrigated with wastewater, which is also used with fertilizers.
Water is supplied to the soil by sprinkling, surface, and subsoil and drip irrigation. Water is broken into drops and distributed over the irrigated area in the form of rain. The size of the drops should not exceed 1...2 mm. Rain intensity should be no more than 0.1...0.2 mm/min for heavy soils, 0.2...0.3 mm/min for medium loams, 0.5...0.8 mm/min for light soils. Under such conditions, raindrops do not damage plants, compact the soil less and do not destroy soil clods, water has time to soak into the soil, and puddles do not form on the surface of the soil. It is important to evenly distribute water over the irrigated field and ensure the specified irrigation rate. Fertilizers are applied at the same time as watering.
Water is also supplied in furrows, in strips or by flooding the entire irrigated area. When irrigating the subsoil, water is fed into the soil through pipes with holes, through mole holes located at a depth of 40...50 cm. Through soil capillaries, water rises into the upper layers of the soil. This method is not recommended for use on sandy and loamy soils.
Proposed design of a wind-driven power generation and water supply installation.

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