Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Sergiy Hrushetskiy – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agroengineering and System Engineering Podolsk State University Higher Education Institution (St. Shevchenko, 13, Kamianets-Podilsky, Khmelnytsky region, 32316, e-mail: g.sergiy.1969@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-6434-1213).

Oleh Omelyanov – assistant of the department of general technical disciplines and occupational safety, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3 Solnechnaya St, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: omomelyanov@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-5336).

Potato is one of the most common crops in Ukraine, most domestic farms are engaged in its production - from the population to large agricultural firms. Moreover, about 95% of the potato produced falls on household plots, which are characterized by the widespread use of manual labor in most technological harvesting operations and low mechanization of the harvesting process as a whole.
Harvesting remains the most resource-intensive process in potato production, because today, as you know, the share of energy and labor costs of harvesting processes is 50-60% and 60-70%, respectively.
From a brief analytical review of the works devoted to the study of under-digging-separating working bodies of root-tuber harvesters, it can be seen that by now significant theoretical and experimental material has already been accumulated, revealing the patterns of interaction processes of working bodies of various designs with tuberous mass. However, despite this, to date, it has not been possible to create a sufficiently efficient, reliable, low-energy, which will satisfy all agrotechnical requirements for root and tuber harvesters, and the problem of developing such a device is still relevant.
Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis to take the minimum amount of soil together with tubers and provide the possibility of better crushing of the reservoir to facilitate separation and basic parameters while increasing operational productivity, technological reliability of the digging working body and reducing its traction resistance.
Based on the results of the research, a new rotary root and tuber harvester has been developed, due to the proposed tooth discs with cutting edges of the lugs and changing the shape of the plowshare of the root and tuber harvester to cylindric, as well as a flat moldboard surface to a rod-separating device, which provides the possibility of better crushing the layer and separating the tubers from the soil rubberized rotor tines for easier separation on the rotary soil separator with rubber tines during harvesting with a rotary root harvester.
The proposed scheme of a rotary root and tuber harvester reduces the supply of soil and the separation of tubers from the soil by rubberized rotor fingers to rotary separating working bodies and improves the separation of tubers, thereby reducing their mechanical damage, providing better storage of potatoes, reducing the number of separating devices, and increasing the productivity of the unit.
The new rotary working body proposed in the work, taking into account agrotechnical recommendations, should have a rounded surface structure made of high-strength rubber, with cone-shaped protrusions placed at an angle to the circle inscribed in the base. For research, as the main parameters of the rotor, we take its outer diameter Dр, the angle of inclination of the protrusions βв, their height Нв, length Lв, the radius of curvature Rв, the height of the vertices bв and the total number of protrusions Nв on the outer diameter Dр, as well as the thickness of the rotor B and the landing parameter. holes.

[1]    Hrushetskiy, S.M., Yaropud, V.M., Duganets, V.I., Duganets, V.I., Pryshliak, V.L. Kurylo, V.M. (2019). Research of constructive and regulatory parameters of the assembly working organs for the potato’s harvesting machines. INMATEH-Agricultural Engineering. Vol. 59, 3, 101-110. [in English].
[2]    Hrushetskyi, S., Yaropud, V., Kupchuk, I., Semenyshena, R. (2021). The heap parts movement on the share-board surface of the potato. Harvesting machine  bulletin of theTransilvania university of Braşov series II. Forestry  Wood Industry Agricultural Food Engineering  Vol. 14(63), 1, 127-140. [in English].
[3]     Hrushetskiy, S.M., Rud, A.V., Semenyshyna, I.V., Medvedyev, YE.P. (2019).  The technological process pattern of potato root harvester [The technological process pattern of potato root harvester]. Zhurnal «Podilʹsʹkyy visnyk: silʹsʹke hospodarstvo, tekhnika, ekonomika», 31. Kamʺyanetsʹ-Podilʹsʹkyy, 52-62. [in English].
[4]     Hrushetskiy, S.N. (2019). Modelʹ tekhnolohycheskykh protsessov kartofeleuborochnykh mashyn [Model of technological processes of potato harvesting machines]. Tekhnycheskoe y kadrovoe obespechenye ynnovatsyonnykh tekhnolohyy v selʹskom khozyaystve: materyaly Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-praktycheskoy konferentsyy, V 2 ch. Mynsk,  BHATU, 1, 125-127.
[5]     Hrushetskiy, S.M., Pidlisnyy, V.V. (2019). Analiz konstruktsiy ta rezulʹtaty doslidzhenʹ separatoriv kartoplyanoho vorokhu [Analysis of designs and research results of potato pile separators]. Suchasnyy rukh nauky: tezy dop. VI mizhnarodnoyi naukovo-praktychnoyi internet-konferentsiyi zhurnalu «WayScience».  Dnipro, 274-282. [in Ukrainian].
[6]     Fyrman, YU.P., Hrushetskyy, S.N. (2015). Kynematycheskyy analyz raboty dynamycheskoho lentochnoho separatora [Kinematic analysis of the operation of a dynamic belt separator]. MOTROL. Commission of Motorization and Energetics in Agriculture. Vol. 17, 1, 11-16.
[7]     Hutsol, Taras, Firman ,Jurii, Komarnitsky, Sergiy. (2017). Modelling of the separation process of the potato stack. Agricultural Engineering : czasopismo. Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Rolniczej. Vol. 21, 4, 27-35. [in English].
[8]     Bonchik, V.S., Fedirko, P.P. (2015). Rezul'taty eksperimental'nykh issledovaniy geometricheskikh parametrov kartofel'noy gryadki pri rabote kartofeleuborochnykh mashin [The results of experimental studies of the geometric parameters of the potato beds during the work of potato harvesters]. MOTROL. Commission of Motorization and Energetics in Agriculture. Vol. 17, 5, 3-6.
[9]     Bulgakov, V., Nikolaenko, S., Adamchuk, V., Z. and Olt J. (2018). Theory of impact interaction between potato bodies and rebounding conveyor. Agronomy Research. 16(1), 52-63. [in English].
[10]     Bulhakov, V.M., Pylypaka, S.F., Zakharova, T.N., Kaletnik, H.M., Yaropud, V.M. (2014). Ploski vertykalʹni kryvi, yaki zabezpechuyutʹ postiyni tysk i shvydkistʹ rukhu materialʹnoyi tochky [Flat vertical curves that provide constant pressure and velocity of material point]. Vseukrayinsʹkyy naukovo-tekhnichnyy zhurnal «Vibratsiyi v tekhnitsi ta tekhnolohiyakh». VNAU. Vyp. 1 (73), 5-12. [in Ukrainian].
[11]     Aliev, E., Bandura, V., Pryshliak, V., Yaropud, V., Trukhanska, O. (2018).  Modeling of mechanical and technological processes of the agricultural [Modeling of mechanical and technological processes of agricultural]. INMATEH - Agricultural Engineering. vol. 54, 1, 95-104. [in English].
[12]     Pascuzzi,S., Bulgakov, V., Santoro, F., Sotirios, A., Anifantis, Olt J., Nikolaenko, S. (2019). Theoretical study on sieving of potato heap elements in spiral separator. Agronomy Research. 17(1),  33-48. [in English].
[13]     Petrov, G.D. (1984). Kartofeleuborochnyye mashiny [Potato harvesting machines]. Engineering.
[14]     Hrushetskiy, S.N., Korchak, N.N. and Zaharevich, T.S. (2021). ‘Analysis of separation and transportation mechanisms for root potato harvesters’, Engineering of nature management, (4(22), pp. 63-72. [in Ukrainian].
[15]     Hrushetskiy, S.M., Yaropud, V.M., Babyn, I.A. (2020). Doslidzhennia iakosti separatsii kartoplianoho vorokhu pidkopuval'nymy robochymy orhanamy kartoplezbyral'noi mashyny [Investigation of the quality of potato heap separation by digging working bodies of a potato harvester]. Vibratsii v tekhnitsi ta tekhnolohiiakh, 1(96). Vinnytsia, 125-140. [in Ukrainian].