Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Sergiy Hrushetskiy – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agroengineering and System Engineering Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University (St. Shevchenko, 13, Kamianets-Podilsky, Khmelnytsky region, Ukraine, 32316, e-mail: g.sergiy.1969@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-1213).
Yuriy Pavelchuk – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agroengineering and System Engineering Podilsky State Agrarian and Technical University (St. Shevchenko, 13, Kamianets-Podilsky, Khmelnytsky region, Ukraine, 32316, e-mail: yuriy3372@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-8151).
Ihor Babyn – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of machinery and equipment for agricultural production of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (St. Soniachna, 3, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21008, e-mail: ihorbabyn@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7070-4957).
Oleg Lyashuk – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Full Professor, Head of the Department of “Automobiles” of Ternopil National University named after Ivan Puluj (Russkaya Str., Ternopil, Ukraine, 5646001, e-mail: oleglashuk@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-8568).

To date, sowing is one of the most urgent tasks, therefore, universal sowing equipment is widely in demand, which should ensure a uniform distribution of the number of plants per unit area to create the same conditions for development.
Theoretical studies were carried out using the methods of theoretical mechanics, strength of materials, probability theory, mathematical analysis and modeling. Research is carried out on the basis of numerous implementations of the equations of continuum dynamics in applied engineering calculation programs - CAE systems.
The article provides a theoretical analysis of the interaction of the soil layer with the surface of the working body of the seeder for the implementation of the technological process of sowing seeds of grain crops on the slopes. We have obtained a diagram of the forces acting on the soil during the working process, a diagram of the forces acting on the soil layer while moving along the slope, a diagram for determining the parameters of the working plane, initial and limiting conditions for the interaction of the working body with the soil environment, a diagram for determining the speed of the soil layer, a diagram changes in the speed of the soil layer on the slopes, the scheme of forces acting on the soil layer on the slopes, the dependence of the gravity force of the soil layer on the surface of the working body and the backing force on the angle of the slope, the dependence of the backing force on the angle. The initial and limiting conditions of the mathematical model of the technological process are considered, and a technique for implementing the mathematical model of the technological process of the work of the working body on slopes with different values of the angle of inclination of the working surface is developed.
A mathematical model of the technological process of tillage on different types of agricultural landscapes by experimental working bodies has been developed. The initial and limiting conditions of the mathematical model of the technological process of processing are established, taking into account the slope of the working surface of the field.

1.    Hevko, B.M., Pavelchuk, Yu.F., Lototskyi, R.I. & Navrotska, T.D. (2013). Tekhnolohichnist konstruktsii odnozernovykh vysivnykh aparativ sivalok [Manufacturability of single-grain sowing machines of seeders]. Silskohospodarski mashyny. 24, 61–67. [in Ukrainian].
2.    Hevko, B.M., Liashuk, O.L., Pavelchuk, Yu.F., Pryshliak, V.M. & etc. (2014). Tekhnolohichni osnovy proektuvannia ta vyhotovlennia posivnykh mashyn : monohrafiia [Technological bases of design and manufacture of sowing machines]. Ternopil: Vyd. TNTU imeni Ivana Puliuia. [in Ukrainian].
3.    Hevko, B.M. (2012). Matematychna model rukhu zerna po rukhomym poverkhniam vysivnykh aparativ [Mathematical model of grain movement on moving surfaces of sowing machines]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Vinnytskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu, 11, 113–118. [in Ukrainian].
4.    Pavel'chuk, Ju.F., Gevko, B.M. (2016). Matematecheskaja model' dinamiki sistemy «semjaprovod-zerno» [Mathematical model of the dynamics of the "seed tube-grain" system]. Teorija i praktika sovremennoj nauki. 12, 330–334. [in Russian].
5.    Lashyk, O, Gevko, B., Pavelchuk, Y. (2017). Grounding of subsoil-throwing sowing of gr ain-crops. Scientific journal «Fundamentalis scientiam», 2(3), 106–111. [in English].
6.    Amosov, V.V. (2007). Obgruntuvannia parametriv universalnoho vysivnoho aparata dlia prosapnykh kultur [Substantiation of parameters of the universal sowing device for row crops]. Candidate’s thesis. Kirovohrad: KNTU. [in Ukrainian].
7.    Kosinov, M.M., Amosov, V.V., Martynenko, S.A., Kyrychenko, A.M., Vinnik, O.L. (2012) Udoskonalennia konstruktsii pnevmatychnoho vysivnoho aparata z metoiu pokrashchennia yakosti sivby [Improving the design of the pneumatic sowing machine in order to improve the quality of sowing]. Konstruiuvannia, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiia silskohospodarskykh mashyn, 42(1), 194–198. [in Ukrainian].
8.    Aulin, V.V., Pankov, A.A., Zamota, T.N. (2016). Nadjozhnost' rabochih processov tehnicheskih sredstv APK s jelementami pnevmoniki [Reliability of working processes of technical means of agro-industrial complex with elements of pneumonics]. Tehnіchnij servіs agropromislovogo, lіsovogo ta transportnogo kompleksіv, 5, 117–125. [in Ukrainian].
9.    Boiko, A.I., Amosov, V.V. (2006). Eksperymentalne vyznachennia ratsionalnykh parametriv vakuumnoho pnevmomekhanichnoho vysivnoho aparata [Experimental determination of rational parameters of vacuum pneumomechanical seeding machine]. Konstruiuvannia, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiia s.-h. mashyn, 36, 108–110. [in Ukrainian].
10.    Sysolin, P.V., Sviren, M.O., Lisovyi, I.O. (2007). Priama sivba. Zadachi i napriamky rozvytku soshnykiv dlia priamoi sivby [Direct sowing. Tasks and directions of development of openers for direct sowing]. Konstruiuvannia, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiia silskohospodarskykh mashyn, 37, 94–98. [in Ukrainian].
11.    Sviren, M.O., Anisimov, O.V., Solovykh, Ye.K. (2015). Doslidzhennia parametriv ta rezhymiv roboty pnevmomekhanichnoho vysivnoho aparatu nadlyshkovoho tysku z retsyrkuliuiuchym potokom nasinnia [Investigation of parameters and modes of operation of pneumomechanical seeding apparatus of excess pressure with recirculating seed flow]. Tekhnika v silskohospodarskomu vyrobnytstvi, haluzeve mashynobuduvannia, 28, 223–229. [in Ukrainian].
12.    Lisovyi, I.O., Boiko, A.I., Sviren, M.O., Pushka, O.S. (2015). Priama sivba ta obgruntuvannia parametriv soshnyka [Direct sowing and substantiation of opener parameters]. Visnyk Ukrainskoho viddilennia Mizhnarodnoi akademii ahrarnoi osvity, 3, 176–189. [in Ukrainian].
13.    Salo, V.M., Luzan, O.R. (2010). Vybir napriamiv vdoskonalennia soshnykiv sivalok priamoho posivu zernovykh kultur [Choice of directions of improvement of openers of seeders of direct sowing of grain crops]. Konstruiuvannia, vyrobnytstvo ta ekspluatatsiia silskohospodarskykh mashyn, 40, Chast. II, 271–277. [in Ukrainian].
14.    Luzan, O.R., Salo, V.M., Luzan, P.H., Leshchenko S.M. (2012). Obgruntuvannia parametriv posivnoi sektsii dlia priamoisivby zernovykh kultur [Substantiation of parameters of sowing section for direct sowing of grain crops]. Tekhnichni nauky. Vinnytsia: VNAU. Vyp, (11), 2 (66), 217–222. [in Ukrainian].
15.    Pavelchuk, Yu.F. (2009). Obhruntuvannia parametriv soshnykiv dlia sivby zernovykh kultur pidhruntovo-rozkydnym sposobom [Substantiation of opener parameters for sowing grain crops by subsoil-spreading method]. Candidate’s thesis. Kamianets-Podilskyi. [in Ukrainian].
16.    Hevko, B.M., Pavelchuk, Yu.F. (2016). Doslidzhennia protsesu rozpodilu nasinnia zernovykh kultur pry pidhruntovorozkydnomu sposobi sivby [Study of the process of distribution of seeds of cereals in the subsoil method of sowing]. Ch. 2. Tekhnichni nauky. Kamianets-Podilskyi, 24, 25-32. [in Ukrainian].
17.    Rud, A.V., Pavelchuk, Yu. F.I., Moshenko, O. (2010). Vplyv sposobu podachi nasinnia v kameru rozsivu na rivnomirnist yoho rozpodilu po ploshchi zhyvlennia [The influence of the method of feeding seeds into the screening chamber on the uniformity of its distribution over the feeding area]. Tekhnika ta enerhetyka APK, 144, 288–295. [in Ukrainian].
18.    Shustik, L., Haidai, T. (2012). Poshuk alternatyvnykh enerhooshchadnykh tekhnolohii i doslidzhennia dlia posivu dribnonasinnievykh kultur [Search for alternative energy-saving technologies and research for sowing small-seeded crops]. Tekhniko-tekhnolohichni aspekty rozvytku ta vyprobuvannia novoi tekhniky i tekhnolohii dlia silskoho hospodarstva Ukrainy, 16 (30). Knyha 2, 116–119. [in Ukrainian].
19.    Mini-sivalka BioDrill na kultyvatorakh Vaderstad naibilsh ekonomichnyi sposib posivu syderalnykh kultur i ozymoho ripaku (2012). [Mini-drill BioDrill on Vaderstad cultivators the most economical way of sowing green manure and winter rape]. Zemledelets, 4, 18–23. [in Ukrainian].
20.    Pryshliak, V.M., Yaropud, V.M., Poborozniuk, O.A. (2017). Osoblyvosti polytsevoho ta bezpolytsevoho obrobitku gruntu [Features of shelf and non-shelf tillage]. Suchasni problemy vyrobnytstva, pererobky silskohospodarskoi produktsii, mashynobuduvannia ta enerhetychnykh system APK. Vinnytsia: VNAU, 133–135. [in Ukrainian].
21.    Rolduhin, M.I., Ponomarenko, N.O., Yaropud, V.M., Sydorenko, R.M. (2017). Stan i perspektyvy rozvytku kombinovanykh ahrehativ [Status and prospects of development of combined units]. Tekhnika, enerhetyka, transport APK, 2 (98), 40–43. [in Ukrainian].
22.    Naumenko, M.M., Derkach, O.D. (2017). Pobudova matematychnoi modeli protsesu vzaiemodii dyskovo-ankernoho soshnyka z hruntom pry dynamichnykh navantazhenniakh [Construction of a mathematical model of the process of interaction of the disk-anchor opener with the soil under dynamic loads]. Tekhnichnyi servis mashyn dlia roslynnytstva, 181, 267–274. [in Ukrainian].
23.    Derkach, O.D., Makarenko, D.O. (2017). Teoretychni peredumovy do obgruntuvannia rezhymiv roboty paralelohramnoho kopiiuvalnoho mekhanizmu [Theoretical prerequisites for substantiation of the modes of operation of the parallelogram copying mechanism]. Molodezh y selskokhoziaistvennaia tekhnyka v XXI veke : XIII Mezhdun. forum molodezhy.  Kharkiv: KhNTUSH, 61. [in Ukrainian].
24.    Derkach, O.D., Naumenko, M.M. (2017). Teoretychne obgruntuvannia rezhymiv roboty paralelohramnoho kopiiuvalnoho mekhanizmu [Theoretical substantiation of the modes of operation of the parallelogram copying mechanism]. Pidvyshchennia nadiinosti mashyn ta obladnannia. Kropyvnytskyi : TsNTU, 13–16. [in Ukrainian].
25.    Derkach, O.D., Makarenko, D.O. (2017). Rozrobka systemy pidvyshchenoi korektnosti kopiiuvannia poverkhni hruntu [Development of a system of increased correctness of copying the soil surface]. Suchasni problemy zemlerobskoi mekhaniky. Kamianets-Podilskyi: PDATU, 79–82. [in Ukrainian].
26.    Rud, A.V., Bendera, I.M., Voitiuk, D.H. (2012). Mekhanizatsiia, elektryfikatsiia ta avtomatyzatsiia silskohospodarskoho vyrobnytstva [Development of a system of increased correctness of copying the soil surface].  Kyiv : Ahroosvita. [in Ukrainian].
27.    Ripka, I.I., Semen, Ya.V., Krupych, O.M., Bendera, I.M., Rud, A.V. (2013). Osnovy mekhanizatsii silskohospodarskoho vyrobnytstva [Fundamentals of mechanization of agricultural production]. Lviv : LNAU. [in Ukrainian].
28.    Hrushetskyi, S.M., Slotvinska, N.Ia. (2021). Kontseptsiia ta systemo-analohova model funktsionuvannia kombinovanoho hruntoobrobno-posivnoho ahrehata [Concept and system-analog model of operation of the combined tillage and seeding unit]. Perspektyvy i tendentsii rozvytku konstruktsii ta tekhnichnoho servisu silskohospodarskykh mashyn i znariad. Zhytomyr : ATK, 39–41. [in Ukrainian].
29.    Hrushetskyi, S.M. Slotvinska, N.Ia. (2021). Analiz suchasnykh tekhniko-tekhnolohichnykh rishen sivby syderativ [Analysis of modern technical and technological solutions for sowing greens]. WayScience (4-5 liutoho). Dnipro, T.1. 293–296. [in Ukrainian].