Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Dmytro KONDRATUK – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department  of  Agroengineering  and Technical Services of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3, Solnyshchaya St., Vinnitsa, Ukraine, 21008,  kondratuk@vsau.vin.ua , https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1827-1717 ).

Olena TRUKHANSKA – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: seaswallow@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-8878).

Maksym PRIADKIN – Postgraduate Student of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: makspradkin4@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7008-4262).

An integral operation of any technology of harvesting hay is mowing the grass, the quality of which depends on the collection of hay from a unit of area, as well as the growth of grass and the yield of grass in the following years. Modern rotary mowers are able to cut grass with high quality, regardless of the state of the stem. The main types of rotary mowers are disc and drum. Their productivity is 20-30% higher than the productivity of segment-finger mowers. The quality of hay largely depends on the drying speed of the vegetative organs of the mown plants. In order to equalize the drying speed of grass stems and leaves, rotary mowers are equipped with roller or impact (conditioners) flattening devices. The quality of grass flattening is affected by the material from which the rollers are made and the shape of their surface. With the same profile of the surface of the rollers, the efficiency of flattening with steel rollers is higher than with those covered with polymer materials. However, their work is accompanied by increased mechanical losses due to leaf breakage. In order to make the flattening rollers work smoother, rubber or polyurethane is applied to their surface. Fluted rollers flatten the grass more intensively than smooth rollers. Roller flatteners provide high-quality work when a layer of grass of uniform thickness is fed into the gap between the rollers.
On the contrary, the number of unflattened stems increases. Roller-type tedders are less harsh on the grass than dynamic tedders, therefore, in order to reduce losses from breaking off leaves and inflorescences, they are recommended for working with leguminous grasses. Since the flattening devices of dynamic action are less sensitive to the unevenness of the mass supply, it is advisable to use them when mowing grasses with an uneven density of grass and cereal grasses.

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