Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Anatoliy YELENYCH – Assistant of the Department of “Agroengineering and Technical Service” of the Vinnitsa National Agrarian University (3 Solnechnaya St, Vinnitsa, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: a.elenech@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-1822).

Harvesting grain is a very important production process that must be carried out as quickly as possible to obtain high-quality grain. Here it is important that the equipment is adjusted to the structure of the plants, and the plants, in turn, are prepared for machine harvesting. When creating grain harvesting equipment, various factors are taken into account: agrobiological properties and the structure of plant organs, stand height and density, lowness, strength, humidity, size and weight of fruits, weight ratio of grain to non-grain part, stage of maturity and others. Currently, harvesting of grain crops is carried out by direct or separate combining. Direct involves performing several operations: cutting plants, threshing plant mass, separating grain from straw, cleaning grain from various impurities, as well as harvesting grain and non-grain part of the crop. It is important that the harvester performs these processes at the same time in the stage of full maturity of the grain. This harvesting method is suitable for bread mass that is not clogged and has ripened evenly. As for separate combining, here mowing of plants and their threshing are carried out separately.
Providing the enterprise with high-performance harvesters and the level of their use significantly affect the gross harvest of agricultural crops. In case of violation of the calendar terms for harvesting grain crops by more than 10–12 days, grain losses can reach 25–30%. In order for such a situation not to arise, agricultural enterprises must have the required number of harvesters of the necessary capacity, which could ensure, in the optimal time, harvesting of agricultural crops.
In order to give preference to one or another combine harvester model, you need to know not only its price, but also individual technical and economic characteristics and the cost of threshing a ton of harvest. Because this indicator reflects the cost of the harvester, operating costs, its productivity, reliability and cost of spare parts.
Innovation is only accelerating. Over the past 20 years, the average productivity of self-propelled grain harvesters has increased almost four to five times. The level of computerization of mechanized operating technologies also increased.
The demand for products of the grain sub-complex is only growing. Ukraine is dominated by a diverse fleet of industrial grain harvesters of foreign production, purchased both new and used, the use of these grain transport systems is expedient and relevant. The question of choosing a modern high-performance grain harvester and the question of its effective use remain relevant.

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