Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC

MazurViktor – PhD, Associate Professor, Rector of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Growing, Breeding and Bioenergetic Cultures of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University (3 Solnechnaya St., Vinnitsa, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: mazur@vsau.vin.ua).
Gunko Iryna – PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal Combustion Engines and Alternative Fuel Resources, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3, Sunny St., Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: irynagunko@vsau.vin.ua).
Babyn Ihor – Assistant of the Department Agricultural Machinery of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3, Solnyshchaya str., Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: babyn@vsau.vin.ua).

The main disadvantages of technical equipment for surface soil cultivation, to which it is peculiar: incomplete covering of crushed plant residues in the soil; complexity of design and low technological reliability; high metal content, that leads to increased pressure on the soil, increasing its sealing; the impossibility of providing environmentally friendly technology of soil cultivation are considered in the article. The perspective way of improvement of existing combined units is the reduction of energy costs for the implementation of the technological process and the number of passes, reducing the metal content of their structures, increasing their productivity, providing the necessary cultivation without harmful effects on the ecology.
The construction of a working body, consisting of a cultivator paw and a dipping device (soil digger), which combine in one technological operation: weed destruction, loosening of soil and application of ammonia water is proposed. The effect of forces on the soil digger is theoretically studied. According to the results of laboratory and field research, it is established that a small resistance of a soil digger is achieved by reducing the angles of inclination of the cutting edge and collapse of the lateral surfaces of the working body. Vertical stability of the working body is achieved by reducing the angle of inclination of the cutting edge, and transversal-horizontal – by increasing the angle of collapse of the sidewalls. It is established that increasing the speed of the soil tillage unit, as well as the depth of laying ammonia water, its traction resistance increases. Traction resistance of the proposed working body in comparison with the traction resistance of a universal stalk paw decreases when ammonia water is applied. According to the results of researches, it is determined that the studied working bodies correspond to agro technical requirements, and deviations in the depth of soil cultivation depend on its physical and mechanical properties, however, with the increase in the speed of the unit movement, the deviation in the depth of soil cultivation changes.
It is also established that when applying ammonia water by the research working body is provided qualitative its seals in the soil, the quality of cultivation improves, clumbs are not formed on the surface, which leads to rapid drying of the soil, weeds are destroyed in accordance with the agronomic requirements, and clogging of working bodies with plant remains is reduced. The combination of operations of ammonia water application and cultivation allows to carry out technological operations in the production of agricultural crops with lower costs and in the shortest time.

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