Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Stanislav MELNYK – postgraduate student Industrial mechanical engineering, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, (St. Sergiy Efremov, 25, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49000, e-mail: stealths1978@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-8151-223X).

The article is dedicated to the development of technology and equipment for the reuse of waste and stimulation of its transformation into raw materials for other industries. The problems of laboratory determination of oil and grain impurities in grain are analyzed, and a set of impurity properties requiring further investigation is defined. Samples of laboratory equipment from leading manufacturers are reviewed, the main criteria of interaction between raw materials and the working environment are formulated, and the directions for the development of separation equipment are substantiated. It is shown that grain waste mixtures are characterized by stochasticity and the emergence of properties under conditions of an unstable working environment, which is manifested through fluctuations of airflow parameters, turbulence, and complex aerodynamic phenomena. These features require not only preliminary identification of fraction properties but also the implementation of measures for stabilizing the working environment during analysis. Based on the performed analysis, a laboratory sorting machine with vertical pneumatic separation is substantiated as the most rational solution. The proposed equipment should be equipped with automated control systems, an adaptive vibrating feeder with adjustable amplitude and frequency, a raw material deaerator, aspiration and dedusting units, antistatic inspection windows, and protective elements against reverse airflows. The main design concept is based on aggregation and modularity, which ensures adaptability to various types of raw materials and research tasks. A system of criteria for evaluating laboratory grain analyzers is proposed, including the availability of separation methods, absence of grain injury, possibility of process intensification, fractionation capability, automation level, and network integration. The implementation of the proposed solutions enables reduction of analysis time, improvement of accuracy and repeatability of results, and expansion of functional capabilities of laboratory equipment in grain processing and waste utilization technologies.

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