Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC

Mykola BORYS – Сandidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of «Branch mechanical engineering and agricultural engineering» Khmelnytskyi National University (11 Institute Street, Khmelnytskyi, 29016, Ukraine, e-mail: myk0borys@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-9505).

Andrii MARTYNYUK – Сandidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of «Branch mechanical engineering and agricultural engineering» Khmelnytskyi National University (11 Institute Street, Khmelnytskyi, 29016, Ukraine, e-mail: avmart@khmnu.edu.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8277-1308).

Volodymyr KURSKOI – Сandidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of «Branch mechanical engineering and agricultural engineering» Khmelnytskyi National University (11 Institute Street, Khmelnytskyi, 29016, Ukraine, e-mail: e-mail: vk702713@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3929-884X).

Sugar beet harvesting is a complex technological process, where the operation of separating tops residues from root crop heads on the root remains one of the most problematic due to the variability of the agrophysical properties of the plants and harvesting conditions. Although a large number of various cleaner designs currently exist, the creation of new devices that would increase productivity, reduce energy consumption, and minimize damage and knocking of raw materials out of the soil remains an urgent need in the agricultural engineering sector.
Establishing cause-and-effect relationships and developing a structural and logical scheme for the synthesis of new root crop head cleaners by applying methods of structural and functional analysis of technical systems is of high relevance.
The paper applies methods of morphological analysis, theoretical mechanics, and systematization for a critical review of existing structural and technological schemes of working organs.
The article analyzes known classifications of working organs for the post-cleaning of root crop heads from tops. It has been established that they often rely on scattered features (only on the direction of the load or the type of movement), without forming a unified system for evaluation. For a comprehensive approach, the basic features that directly affect the working process are distinguished: the material and geometric shape of the element, the type of its fastening (rigid or hinged), the type of relative movement (rotary, oscillating, complex), and its orientation to the row axis. The distinction between the concepts of "supporting" and "working" elements has been introduced.
The main criteria for the functional suitability of the cleaner are determined: ensuring rational force factors in the contact zone (preference for tangential load over impact load) and the presence of a restoring force to return the element to its initial position. Based on these parameters, an algorithm and a logical synthesis scheme have been developed. Thanks to this scheme, the existing types of working organs (disk, segment, beater) were analyzed, and new potential types (mesh, ring, with translational-oscillatory motion) were generated. A preliminary assessment of their force interaction with root crops was carried out.
The proposed synthesis algorithm allows systematizing all known devices for tops separation and purposefully creating innovative technical solutions. Evaluation according to the defined criteria makes it possible to reject irrational variants even at the design stage and to develop designs with optimal operating modes without damaging root crops.

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