Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC

Vadym RYABOSHAPKA – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical service of Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3, Soniachna St., Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, email: vadym@vsau.vin.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1812-1030).

Vadym IVATSKO – Recipient of the Third Educational and Scientific Level of the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Service of Faculty of Engineering and Technology Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3, Soniachna St., Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, email: ivatsko95@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4793-9379).

The article examines the physicochemical properties of fuels for internal combustion engines, focusing on key aspects such as elemental composition, heat of combustion, density, viscosity, etc. The prerequisites and stages of developing alternative fuels, particularly for compression ignition engines, are analyzed, with biodiesel fuel taking a prominent place. Chemically, biodiesel consists of methyl esters of fatty acids (lipids) and, due to its physicochemical properties, closely resembles conventional diesel fuel, allowing for mixing in various proportions. The paper discusses the most well-known biodiesel production methods, including transesterification (conventional, supercritical, enzymatic), pyrolysis, and hydrogenation (second-generation biodiesel), providing an overview of the mechanisms involved. The classical transesterification process is identified as the most promising for Ukraine. The study outlines the methods of classical transesterification and presents a schematic of the process. The article also describes the nomenclature of equipment for biodiesel production. It provides technical characteristics of some devices, including the BDD-200 biodiesel production line used in the alternative energy laboratory of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Scientific research on biodiesel production in Ukraine and key authors in this field are reviewed. Special attention is given to raw material resources for biodiesel fuel production. The study elaborates on classical transesterification technologies, including intermolecular and intramolecular transesterification, and alcoholysis, presenting fundamental chemical reactions involving methanol or ethanol. The advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts, such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, are also discussed. This scientific paper presents the results of the initiative research project 0122U002187.

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