Issue №: 2 (133)
The journal presents the results of scientific research and addresses current issues in the development and improvement of agricultural equipment and technologies, particularly in the design, production, and operation of machines and technical systems in the agro-industrial complex, including aspects of their efficient functioning.
ANALYTICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PULSATION PARAMETERS AND TEAT LINER CHARACTERISTICS ON MILK FLOW INTENSITY
Elchyn ALIIEV – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Professor of the Department of Technical Systems Engineering of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (St. S. Efremova, 25, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49000, e-mail: aliev@meta.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-8803).
Yevhenii NOSENKO – Postgraduate Student of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (St. S. Efremova, 25, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49000, e-mail: vsetut13@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1115-7443).
The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the milk flow process in the biotechnical system “animal – milking machine”. An analytical substantiation of the influence of pulsation parameters and the elastic-deformation characteristics of the teat liner on milk flow intensity was carried out. The machine milking process is considered as a complex dynamic system in which the operating vacuum, pulsation modes, teat liner tension force, and physiological characteristics of the animal teat interact simultaneously. Bernoulli’s equation and hydrodynamic analysis methods were used to describe milk movement through the teat canal. The variation in milk flow rate during the pulsation cycle was described using a piecewise-continuous function that takes into account the phases of flow increase, stabilization, decrease, and residual milk leakage. The elastic-deformation state of the teat liner was determined on the basis of Hooke’s law and the equations of deformable body mechanics. Analytical dependences were obtained that make it possible to evaluate the influence of the operating vacuum, pulsation phase duration, and teat liner tension force on milk flow velocity. Based on the results of theoretical calculations, rational operating parameters of the milking equipment were determined, ensuring maximum milk flow intensity while minimizing mechanical stress on teat tissues. The obtained results can be used for improving the design of milking machines and increasing the efficiency of machine milking.
The proposed theoretical model makes it possible to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between vacuum режим parameters, pulsation characteristics, and the mechanical effect of the teat liner on teat tissues. The research results can be used to substantiate energy-efficient and physiologically safe operating modes of milking machines in modern machine milking systems.
1. Mein, G. A. (2012). The role of the milking machine in mastitis control. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 28(2), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2012.03.004 [in English].
2. Vermaak, P., Petzer, I., & Karzis, J. (2023). Effects of milking machine settings and teat liners on bovine udder health. South African Journal of Animal Science, 52(4), 421–432. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v52i4.02 [in English].
3. Mein, G. A., Reinemann, D. J., Schuring, N., & Ohnstad, I. C. (2004). Milking machines and mastitis risk: A storm in a teatcup. Proceedings of the National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting. [in English].
4. Kaskous, S., & Pfaffl, M. W. (2023). Milking machine settings and liner design are important to improve milking efficiency and lactating animal welfare – Technical note. AgriEngineering, 5(3), 1314–1326. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering5030083 [in English].
5. Rasmussen, M. D., & Madsen, N. P. (2000). Effects of milkline vacuum, pulsator airline vacuum, and cluster weight on milk yield, teat condition, and udder health. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302%2800%2974858-2 [in English].
6. Manzur, A., Díaz, J. R., Romero, G., Fernández, A., & Peris, C. (2018). Teatcups with automatic valves in machine milking of goats. Journal of Dairy Research, 85(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029917000565 [in English].
7. Aliiev, E., Paliy, A., Paliy, A., Kis, V., Levkin, A., Kotko, Y., Levchenko, I., Shkurko, M., Svysenko, S., & Sevastianov, V. (2022). Increasing energy efficiency and enabling the process of vacuum mode stabilization during the operation of milking equipment. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6(1(120)), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.267799 [in English].
8. Spencer, S. B. (1989). Recent research and developments in machine milking. Journal of Dairy Science, 72(7), 1907–1917. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302%2889%2979310-3 [in English].
9. Paliy, A., Aliiev, E., Paliy, A., Nechyporenko, O., Baidevliatova, Y., Baydevliatov, Y., Lazorenko, A., Ukhovskyi, V., Korniienko, L., Sharandak, P. (2021). Determining the efficiency of cleaning a milk line made from different materials from contaminants. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 4 (1 (112)), 76–85.https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.237070 [in English].
10. Díaz, J. R., Peris, C., Rodríguez, M., Molina, M. P., & Fernández, N. (2004). Effect of milking pipeline height on machine milking efficiency and milk quality in sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(6), 1675–1683. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302%2804%2973320-2 [in English].
11. Besier, J., Lind, O., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (2016). Dynamics of teat-end vacuum during machine milking: Types, causes and impacts on teat condition and udder health – A literature review. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 44(1), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1031780 [in English].
12. Mein, G. A., Williams, D. M. D., & Reinemann, D. J. (2003). Effects of milking on teat-end hyperkeratosis: Mechanical forces applied by the teatcup liner and responses of the teat. In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council (pp. 362–376). National Mastitis Council. [in English].
13. Hamann, J., & Mein, G. A. (1990). Teat thickness changes may provide biological test for effective pulsation. Journal of Dairy Research, 57(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900026832 [in English].
14. Odorčić, M., Rasmussen, M. D., Paulrud, C. O., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (2019). Review: Milking machine settings, teat condition and milking efficiency in dairy cows. Animal, 13(S1), s94–s99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119000417 [in English].
15. Holst, G. E., Adrion, F., Umstätter, C., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (2021). Type of teat cup liner and cluster ventilation affect vacuum conditions in the liner and milking performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 104(4), 4775–4786. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19313 [in English].
16. Odorčić, M., Rasmussen, M. D., Paulrud, C. O., & Bruckmaier, R. M. (2019). Review: Milking machine settings, teat condition and milking efficiency in dairy cows. Animal, 13(S1), s94–s99. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119000417 [in English].
17. Wieland, M., & Sipka, A. (2023). Prospective cohort study of the relationship between milking machine liner slip, milking performance, and cow characteristics. Journal of Dairy Science, 106(3), 2104–2115. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22175 [in English].
About the journal
G8 – Materials Science
G9 – Applied Mechanics
G10 – Metallurgy
G11 – Mechanical Engineering (by specializations)
The journal "Engineering, Energy, Transport AIC" is indexed according to the following databases and catalogs:
The All-Ukrainian scientific journal “Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC” is an open-access scientific publication that publishes the results of original research, theoretical and applied developments, as well as scientific papers in the fields of engineering sciences, energy systems, and transport technologies of the agro-industrial complex.
The main objective of the scientific journal “Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC” is to disseminate the results of modern scientific research and to promote the development of technical, energy, and transport solutions for the agro-industrial complex through the publication of scientific materials characterized by scientific novelty and practical significance in the field of design and modernization of machinery, equipment, and technologies.
The journal’s activities are focused on supporting the development of engineering science, stimulating the implementation of innovative approaches into industrial practice, as well as ensuring effective exchange of scientific achievements among researchers, educators, engineers, and other specialists in relevant fields.
Objectives of the Journal
To achieve its defined objective, the journal ensures the implementation of the following key tasks:
· publication of the results of fundamental and applied research covering the fields of applied mechanics, mechanical engineering, materials science, energy systems, electrical engineering, electromechanics, and transport systems of the agro-industrial sector;
· promotion of the implementation of advanced technical and technological developments aimed at improving the efficiency of machinery, equipment, and production processes;
· creation of conditions for active scientific exchange among research institutions, higher education institutions, industrial enterprises, and other interested organizations;
· support for the development of interdisciplinary research and expansion of cooperation among specialists in various fields of science and technology;
· promotion of the improvement of the scientific and technical level of research related to the design, modernization, and operation of technical equipment used in agro-industrial production;
· dissemination of information on modern achievements in science and technology and the implementation of innovative technologies in the fields of technical support, energy, and transport;
· development of a scientific information environment that facilitates effective scientific communication and the integration of national research into the international scientific community.
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Languages of publication: Ukrainian, English
Editor-in-Chief: Vitalii YAROPUD
State Registration: Decision of the National Council of Ukraine on Television and Radio Broadcasting № 1337 and № 1180. Media Identifier: R30-05173
EDRPOU Code: 00497236
Publisher ROR: https://ror.org/05m3ysc06
Publisher DOI Prefix: 10.37128
Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC is a scholarly professional journal with a long-standing history and stable academic tradition, reflecting the evolution of engineering and technical sciences within the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine.
The journal was founded in 1997 under the title Bulletin of Vinnytsia State Agricultural Institute. According to the Resolution of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of Ukraine dated September 11, 1997, the publication obtained the status of a professional scientific journal, which enabled the publication of the main results of doctoral and candidate dissertations in technical sciences. From its inception, the journal positioned itself as an academic platform for addressing current issues of mechanization, electrification, and technical support of agricultural production. During 2001–2014, the journal was published under the title Proceedings of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Series: Technical Sciences (State Registration Certificate of Print Media KV No. 16644-5116 PR dated April 30, 2010). Throughout this period, a systematic approach to the selection and peer review of scientific manuscripts was established, the thematic scope of publications was expanded, and continuity of scientific directions as well as the development of sectoral engineering schools was ensured. Since 2015, the journal has been published under its current title, Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC (State Registration Certificate No. 21906-11806 R dated March 12, 2016). The change of title reflected the expansion of the journal’s thematic coverage and its orientation toward interdisciplinary research in mechanical engineering, energy systems, electrical engineering, transport technologies, automation, and digital solutions for the agro-industrial complex.
